IVF Embryos - a Source for Red Blood Cells

Human red blood cells have been developed for the first time from embryonic stem cells by Brtish scientists working on a project to manufacture synthetic blood on an industrial scale.

The aim of the 3million project is to develop an alternative source of O-negative blood, the universal donor group that can be transfused into the vast majority of the population without fear of rejection.

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The project, funded by the Wellcome Trust, has used more than a hundred spare IVF embryos from fertility clinics to establish several embryonic stem cell lines that replicate continuously in the laboratory.

Professor Marc Turner, leader of the project, said that synthetic blood made on an industrial scale would overcome the problem of blood shortages and the risk of transmitting new infections between donors and recipients.

"We've proved the principle that from these embryonic stem cell lines we can generate red blood cells," the Independent quoted Turner as saying.

Blood Groups
The blood group of a person is determined by the presence or absence of certain inherited antigenic substances and certain acquired antibodies in blood.

"At the end of this three-year period we would envisage generating up to a unit [a pint] of red cells from embryonic stem cells at clinical grade which fulfil all the in vitro characteristics of red cells."

As part of the process of gaining regulatory approval, the project has produced four embryonic stem cell lines deemed good enough to be used in human clinical trials - conforming to the "good manufacturing practice" (GMP) grade.

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Blood group calculator gives you a detailed outlook of various blood groups, and also calculates the blood group of a child based on their parent’s blood group and Rh type.

Jo Mountford, a stem cell scientist at Glasgow University, confirmed that the synthetic red cells made in her laboratory from the RC-7 embryonic stem cell line produced by Roslin Cells contained the haemoglobin pigment.

"We have cells that are clearly red so we're happy with that. We've managed to go 90 per cent down the path towards fully differentiated, adult red blood cells," said Mountford.

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Mountford said that the haemoglobin in the synthetic red cells also shows signs of being more similar to foetal than adult haemoglobin, but she believes that further research will lead to mature, enucleated red blood cells with adult haemoglobin.

"We're confident that we'll get the numbers of mature red blood cells that we need for clinical trials," she said.

Only one of the four embryonic stem cells lines produced at GMP grade has been tested for its blood type, Professor Turner said.

The line, known as RC-9, is blood type B-positive and although it is not the universal donor type it can still be used for research.

Source-ANI