'Good' Viruses Turned into 'Magic Bullet' to Kill Cancer Cells

So-called "good" viruses may be able to seek and destroy cancer cells, Canadian researchers have revealed.

The breakthrough results from the efforts of researchers at McGill University and the affiliated Lady Davis Research Institute of the Jewish General Hospital, who worked along with researchers at the University of Ottawa and the Ottawa Health Research Institute (OHRI).

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Published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), the study has revealed that a family of compounds called histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) may be the missing link that turns oncolytic viruses into a potent new weapon against cancer.

"One of the greatest challenges in cancer therapy is to target and kill cancer cells that are resistant to conventional therapy. The strategy that we developed is to use a harmless, non-human virus that specifically enters, replicates and kills cancer cells, but not normal cells," said Dr. John Hiscott of McGill's Faculty of Medicine and the Lady Davis Institute, one of the research leaders.

He, however, added that many primary cancers had proven resistant to a pure virotherapy approach.

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"One way to overcome this obstacle is to treat the tumour with other molecules that augment the ability of these viruses to target and kill the cancer cells," he said.

The research team focused on HDIs that inhibit specific enzymes involved in modulating the structure of chromosomes in cancer cells.

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They tested the combination HDI/virotherapy approach in cell culture experiments in the lab, in animal models of cancer, and also in human tissues from breast, prostate and colon cancer immediately after excision from patients.

"Treatment with these compounds dramatically increases the susceptibility of these cancers to killing by the oncolytic virus. The combination dramatically and unexpectedly stimulates the ability of the viruses to target and kill cancer cells," Dr. Hiscott said.

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He has revealed that his team uses a tiny, bullet-shaped insect rhabdovirus known as VSV, chosen specifically for its inability to infect normal human cells.

"VSV has been studied by virologists for several decades, and its replication is well understood at the molecular level. It is not a human pathogen, so most individuals do not have antibodies directed against it, which means there is a window of opportunity to successfully treat patients before they mount an immune response," Dr. Hiscott said.

The researchers are hopeful that their approach may lead to the rapid implementation of new experimental therapies for breast, prostate, colon and other primary cancers that are currently resistant to virotherapy.

"Virotherapy is potentially valuable by adding a new biotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment. Because human trials with similar viruses and with HDIs have already been approved, there is the possibility that the results of these studies might be applied rapidly. We might see human trials within a year or two. These experiments are vital to determine if this 'viral bullet' is actually a 'magic bullet' that hits the intended target," Dr. Hiscott said.

Source-ANI
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