Researchers hope that patient-specific cancer vaccines, which are developed from the patients' own cancer cells and immune cells, can lead to long-term survival for patients with metastatic melanoma, whose disease had been minimized by other therapies.
"There is continued interest in developing new therapies for melanoma patients with recurrent or distant metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis because there are no systemic therapies that can be relied upon to cure them. Patients with metastatic melanoma are at high risk for additional metastases and death," said Dr. Robert O. Dillman, executive medical and scientific director at the Hoag Cancer Center and lead investigator for the study.For the study, 54 patients with regionally recurrent or distant metastatic melanoma were injected with a vaccine that included each patient's own immune cells (dendritic cells) and 500 micrograms of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), an immune stimulator, three times a week and then monthly for five months for a total of up to eight injections.
The researchers then obtained patient's dendritic cells from their peripheral blood, and mixed them with a cell culture of the patient's own melanoma cells that had been self-renewing and proliferating in the laboratory.
The patient-specific vaccine is designed to stimulate the patient's immune system to react against tumour stem cells or early progenitor cells that can create new depots of cancer throughout the body.
Data showed that the projected five-year survival rate was 54 percent at a median follow up of 4.5 years (range 2.4 to 7.4) for the 30 surviving patients.
The results were found to be superior to those observed following vaccination with irradiated tumour cells in 48 melanoma patients in a previous trial.
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The vaccine treatment was well tolerated, with most patients experiencing mild skin irritation and redness at the injection site.
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The study has been published in Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals.
Source-ANI
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