Australian Researchers Identify Key Step In Development Of Autoimmune Diseases

Australian researchers have identified a key step in the development of autoimmune diseases.

It is a process where the body gets rid of rogue B cells which see ‘self’ as the enemy and so allow the body to attack itself – as in autoimmune diseases such as lupus.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple organs like the joints, skin, kidney, heart, lungs, blood vessels and brain.

B cells, the immune cells that produce antibodies, start their development in the bone marrow and complete it in peripheral blood and tissues. The developmental process in humans can be easily studied in people who have had their bone marrow destroyed and then reconstituted from donors, because clinical samples are collected at defined periods of time following the transplant.

Dr Stuart Tangye from the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and PhD student Santi Suryani have zeroed in on a ‘molecular signature’, or fingerprint, for B cells at this crucial stage of development, by studying blood samples from patients recovering from bone marrow transplants.

“By identifying exactly where B cells are in their stage of development, you can better understand and target specific B cell diseases” said Dr Tangye.

“Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, for instance, may be a malignancy of the B cell subset we’ve described. As we now know what the normal counterpart of the diseased B cell looks like, we are in a position to learn more about that type of leukemia.”

“In the case of lupus, an autoimmune disease where antibodies are produced that recognise self DNA, there seems to be a problem getting rid of the self-reactive B cells - at this point of the development process.”

Understanding Autoimmune Disease
Cambridge: Type 1 diabetes, lupus and rheumatoid arthritis are autoimmune diseases, which are a result of the inadequacy of the immune system to check itself.

“We will get to the stage where we know which genes are expressed in populations of cells at every phase of B cell development, allowing us to catalogue the subsets of cells.”

This knowledge should help us identify more specific therapeutic targets that will improve the treatment of diseases resulting from self-reactive or malignant B cells.

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With major advances in genetics and exponential growth of knowledge about the immune system, scientists hope important discoveries to treat autoimmune diseases are within reach.

The research is published in the international journal Blood.

Source-Medindia
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