Eisenmenger Syndrome

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Other Names :  

ES, Eisenmenger's reaction or tardive cyanosis

What is Eisenmenger Syndrome ?  

A Congenital heart defect characterized by a hole or shunt, developing between the two chambers of the heart. This allows increased blood flow returning to the lungs instead of being directed to the rest of the body through the aorta. The long-standing intracardiac shunt is caused by ventricular septal defect and atrial septal defect, or patent ductus arteriosus, causing cyanotic heart defect.

This condition can be detected in fetal echocardiography, or echocardiography early in life.


Cause(s) :  
  • Ventricular septal defect
  • Atrial septal defect
  • Patent ductus arteriosus
  • Atrioventricular canal defect
Symptoms :  
Blood
  • Blue tinge to skin resulting from lack of oxygen (cyanosis)
  • Bleeding disorders
  • Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)
  • High red blood cell count
  • Iron deficiency

Heart
  • Irregular heart rhythms, called arrhythmia
  • Heart failure
  • Palpitations
  • Chest pain or tightness
  • Syncope or fainting
  • Stroke

Kidney
  • Problems in kidney
  • Gout, due to increased uric acid resorption and production with impaired excretion

Others
  • Gallstones
  • Swollen or clubbed fingertips
  • Shortness of breath with activity
Diagnosis and Tests :  
  • Complete Blood Count
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Chest X ray
  • Echocardiogram
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG)
  • CT and MRI scan
  • Cardiac catheterization
  • Walking test
Specialist to consult :  Cardiology

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