Further Reading :

1. Kunin CM. Urinary tract infections in


females. Clin Infect Dis 1994;18:1-12.

2. Stamm WE, Hooton TM. Management of urinary tract infections in adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1328-34.

3. Fowler JE Jr., Pulaski ET. Excretory urography, cystography, and cystoscopy in the evaluation of women with urinary-tract infection: a prospective study. N Engl J Med 1981;304:462-5.

4. Johnson JR, Stamm WE. Urinary tract infections in women: diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1989;111:90617.

5. Kass EH. Bacteriuria and the diagnosis of infections of the urinary tract. Arch Intern Med 1957;100:709-14.

6. Komaroff AL. Urinalysis and urine culture in women with dysuria. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:212-8.

7. Hooton TM, Stamm WE. Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:551-81.

8. Norrby SR. Short-term treatment of uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections in women. Rev Infect Dis 1990;12:458-67.

9. Hooton TM, Winter C, Tiu F, Stamm WE. Randomized comparative trial and cost analysis of 3-day antimicrobial regimens for treatment of acute cystitis in women. JAMA 1995;273:41-5.

10. Lipsky BA. Urinary tract infections in men: epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Ann Intern Med 989;110:138-50.

11. Warren JW. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:609-22.

12. Nicolle LE. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in the elderly. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:647-62.

13. Millar LK, Cox SM. Urinary tract infections complicating pregnancy. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:1326.

14. Patterson TF, Andriole VT. Detection, significance, and therapy of bacteriuria in pregnancy. Update in the managed care era. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1997;11:593-608.





Comments

dada, India

for urinary problem which doctor shall I contact Medicine or Urologist

kkgrg, India

I have UTI generally recurring. Last time I had around a years back and got treated with Ofloxacin for about 15 days. Today I am suffering for very frequent urination with sensation and unable to control. Kindly suggest some medicine.

lovetoread, United States

First UTI in over 10 yrs. Unfortunately I've had over a month of UTI symptoms. The first two urine specimens were [ ] for blood, WBC, and bacteria but were NEVER cultured. I went through two different rounds of antibiotics. Symptoms still there. My doctors were saying obviously it isn't an UTI, that it must be stress or something else. We'll finally after suffering a month, the next urine sample WAS cultured and it came back I have coagulase negative staph. And get this, the bacteria is resistant to most antibiotics, including penicillin, Levaquin, Sulfa, and Cipro. I'm not so sure not culturing a positive urine sample is such a great idea. I know I have greatly suffered. I'm now on macrobid and hoping this will take care of it.

Anglkitty77, United States

I have a recalled bladder sling and I have been having recurring UTI synptoms. Nitrites and leukocytes are always present, but cultures grow nothing. I am at a loss and so is my Dr. I am seeing a specialist at Vanderbilt and he is removing the sling in a couple of weeks. Anyone else have this issue?

edouartawil, Palestinian Territory, Occupied

i have found that UTIs with no symptoms should not be treated especially if they have ESBL or KPC.
A well known case ESBL to me I stoped treating her with antibiotics works now well for more than 8 months