Dr. T.R.RAMANUJAM. M.D.,
- QUESTION: CISAPRIDE INTERACTION FATAL ? IF SO WHAT IS ITS SIGNIFICANCE ?
ANSWER: YES
Cisapride is one of the frequently used prokinetic agent used in a variety of GIT disorders by virtue of its effects of its 5 HT receptor
agonism. With afew exceptions , most of the drug interactions with cisapride are as a consequence of its increase in plasma concentration. Cisapride is metabolised in the liver by an isoenzyme of Cyt P 450 known as CYP3A4. However, isolated cases of QtT prolongation syndrome and ventricular arrhythmias have ben reported in aptients receiving cisapride alone.
Inhibition of the above isoenzyme CYP3A4 has serious consequences when cisapride is administered with drugs
like:
· Macrolide antimicrobials
(Erythromycin,Clasrithromycin,Roxithromycin etc.,)
· Antifungal azole - ketoconazole, itraconazole,
miconazole, fluconazole etc.,
· Troleandomycin
The product information was updated to include a warning about the risks of administering cisapride concurrently with the above agents. This includes the seriousness of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias as a result of the interaction . It also state that to minimize the potential for the adverse effect , the maximum dose of cisapride should not exceed 40mg/day in a patient with normal hepatorenal function as recommended by the UK committee of Safety of Medicines and the Medicine Control Agency.
Indications of Cisapride are:
1. Symptoms of mucosal lesions associated with GE reflux
2. Symptomatic dyspepsia and non-ulcer dyspepsia
3. Diabetic gastroparesis
4. Chronic idopathic constipation
5. Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
6. Colonic hypomotility
7. Aspiration syndromes
8. Cystic fibrosis in children
9. Systemic sclerosis
10. Autonomic neuropathy
Deaths have occurred as a result of drug interactions. Four patients died and further 16 were resuscitated after cardiopulmonary arrest. Mosst patients had been taking drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme systems or had other risk factors that predispose the patient for cardiac adverse effects. The major culprit in all the above cases had been CYP3A4 inhibition, the consequences of which is increase in plasma concentration of
Cisapride.
CARDIOVASCULAR ADVERSE EFFECTS- RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH -IN 86 PATIENTS:
| Risk Factors |
No. of Patients |
1. Concurrent Imidazole & Macrolide
Antimicrobials |
32
|
| 2. History of I.H.D(Ish Heart Dis) |
22
|
| 3. Renal Impairment |
14 |
| 4. Electrolyte imbalance |
11 |
5. L.T use of medication assoc with arrhythmia or
prolonged QT interval
(Amiodarone & Phenothiazine)
|
7 |
Other drugs like HIV protease inhibitors like Nefazodone,
Probably Nelvinafir, and some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRI) etc., inhibit CYP3A4 enzyme systems. In case of oral anticoagulants like warfarin and acenocoumarol , cisapride potentiate oral anticoagulants leading to hypoprothrombinemia in one case . Therefore the caution is necessary in patients with oral antiocoagulants when cisapride required to be added to the regimen by close monitoring.
CISAPRIDE ALTERS DRUG ABSORPTION:
The absorption of Morphine, Diazepam, alcohol, and L-dopa are increased by cisapride. Oral cimetidine but not rtanidtidine increased the bioavailability of cisapride but cisapride decreased the oral bioavailability of both cimetidine and ranitidien. Cisappride increased the sedation of Morphine, diazepam, and depressant effect of alcohol.
Antimuscarinica ( including atropine )and opioids antagonize the effects sof cispride on GIT.
Cisapride have an unpredictable effect omn the absorption of drugs like digoxin and cyclosporin ( narrow margin TI)
BENEFICIAL DRUG INTERACTION WITH CISAPRIDE:
Improved visuo manual coordination and decreased gait disability had been observed in patients receiving concomitant L-Dopa and cisapride. However, this combination may result in an increased likelihood of L-dopa associated adverse effects.
CAUTION:
In patients with hepatic & renal impairment.
NEWER AGENTS SIMILAR TO CISAPRIDE UNDER STUDY ARE:
Alizpride, Betanopride, and Zacropride.
Both clobepride and cinitapride are prokinetics and as well antiemetics unlike cisapride.
CISAPRIDE IS NOT AN ANTIEMETIC:
PROKINETIC &ANTIEMETICS - A COMPARISON OF METOCLOPRAMIDE, DOMPERIDONE AND
CISAPRIDE.
| METOCLOPRAMIDE |
DOMPERIDONE |
CISAPRIDE |
| Potent antiemetic |
Moderate. Antiemetic |
Not an antiemetic |
| Prokinetic |
Prokinetic |
only a prokinetic |
| Direct effect on CTZ thro'DA R antagonism5HT3 antagonism |
Ltd. entry into CNSDA antagonism |
No DA antagonism5HT4 agonism |
| Sign hyperprolactinemia& EP effects |
Hyperprolactinemaia No EP effects |
No hyperprolactinemia No EP effects |
| Periph thro rel of Ach atMyenteric region |
Periph thro' D2 antagonism |
Periph thro' rel of Achmyenteric region |
Inhibititon or receptive
Relaxation, increases
Antral& duodenal contr
Incr gastr emptying rate
Incr LES pr & Inhibit GE
Reflux
No effect on Gastr Secr.
No effect on Col. motility
|
Increased Gast motilityLowers LES pr. Inhibit GE reflux ? No effect
oncol. motility |
Incr Gastr motilityIncr LES prInhibit GE reflux
INCREASES COLONICMOTILITY |
| Perip effcts antagonisedBy atropine &antimuscarin. |
Atropine & antimuscarinicsDo not antasgonise |
Antagonised by atropine& antimuscarinics |
¯ Bioavail of digoxin Bio avail
Parcetam,
aspirin Alter of Int del
of food & adj of Insulin
dose |
No DI with drugs used in parkinsonism Ldopa,Bromocryp |
¯ abs of diazep,alcohol |
| Bioavailability 75% |
15% |
30-40% |
| 10-15mg before food |
20-40mg before food |
5-20mg with food |
| Pot antiemetic in chem ind vomiting. Not useful in motion sickness |
Mild- mod antiemetic In diabeticx gastroparesisGE reflux ? |
Not an antiemetic In diab gastroparesis in colon idio constipAspir syndrome, Cyst fibros in children Dangerous DI with Macrolide,azoles, anticoagulants CNSdepressants
|
Key- LES Lower esophageal sphincter, GE- Gastroesophageal
EP-Extrpyramidal system, DA- Dopamine receptor, POT- potent
Ind- induced
Careers