Several studies have shown that specific phobias, such as a fear of spiders, insects, cockroaches and lizards, run in families. Children imitate the fears of an adult member of the family that become a matter of habit in course of time.
Phobias seem like irrational fears, but most people have a reason associated with their fears—for example, the element of danger or risk associated with heights, spiders, dogs or water. Many phobias like arsonphobia (fear of fire) arise from a traumatic experience or some such similar triggering event at a very early age.
Extensive ongoing researches are exploring complex causes of social phobia and agoraphobia. There are pointers to a combination of heredity, genetics, and brain chemistry together with life situations causing phobias and panic attacks. Researchers have found some genetic anomalies in people suffering from phobias.
However the specific gene that causes phobias has not been isolated yet. It has emerged from studies that those suffering from phobias manifest a problem of serotonin-level regulation in their brains.