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Cervical Cancer - Overview

Cervical cancer is a slowly progressing disease, which affects the lining of the mouth of the uterus, known as cervix


Cancer is a disease, which is caused by the uncontrolled growth and proliferation of cells. Cancer that affects the lining of the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus, is known as cervical cancer.

The surface of the cervical lining comprises of two cell types, the squamous and the columnar cells. Squamous cells are resistant to injury while the columnar cells forms glands and secrete a mucus- like fluid. The region in the cervix where there is a transition from one cell type to another is called squamo-columnar junction. This is the area that is most prone to develop cancer. During a Pap-screening test, samples from this area are removed to be examined.

Cancer of the cervix develops gradually and becomes full-blown over a period of time. The abnormal changes that the cervical cells develop which transform them to a pre-cancerous state are referred to as 'Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia' (CIN). Based on its degree or intensity, these changes are classified as low grade CIN and high grade CIN.
CIN may eventually progress to Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) or it may develop into Carcinoma In-situ, which is localized malignant growth. SIL can be further divided into low or high grade.

High-grade SIL and Carcinoma in-situ may transform into Invasive Carcinoma, which spreads to adjacent tissues. The Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the uterus, seen in 80-90% of the cases, mostly affects the squamous cells, while the Adenocarcinoma, affecting the glandular cells, is observed in the remaining cases.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer



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Member Comments (4)
Posted by: michael0156 Posted on: 5/22/2009
The vaccines Gardasil and Cervarix won't reduce cancer incidence or deaths. They will divert hundreds of billions of health care dollars to the coffers of pharmaceutical companies.

HPV infections, advertised to be the cause of cervical cancer, are slow and handled by our immune systems in over 90% according to the CDC/FDA/American Cancer Society

Women who don't clear HPV infection have immune problems caused by nutritional deficiencies, toxic exposure, toxin ingestion or genetics.

If an immune system can't clear an HPV infection no vaccine can help. Vaccines are passive targets and can't fix an immune system unable to identify or destroy HPV

HPV is controlled by intracellular immune response. Vaccine stimulate the humoral, antibody, response. Antibodies fight bloodborne infections and will not appreciably affect the rate of cervical HPV infections and CANNOT combat an active HPV infection

This will be proved in 20 years when vaccines are shown to have failed
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OrlandoMD4

9/19/2009

You're correct in stating that the vaccines will not combat those already infected. However, they have been proven to prevent infection of the HPV strains 6,11,16, and 18. Women don't have to have an "immune problem" caused by toxins, etc. to not clear the infection.I suggest you check your facts before posting such erroneous statements.
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Michael Polidori

9/26/2009

I made no errors. Over 90% of us clear all HPV infection without drugs doctors or vaccines [FDA], a properly functioning immune system doing it's job. Chronic infection is caused by an immune system problem as I described

Gardasil has NOT been proven to prevent HPV infection, except by conflicted Merck research

A humoral response cannot prevent HPV infection of epithelial tissue, but cell mediated response can. Vaccines to provoke a cell mediated response are being developed. Until then Merck will be defrauding its customers with your help

Gardasil is the largest medical fraud in history perpetrated by Merck, maker of Vioxx and Pargluva, their two previous medical frauds.

Less than 1% of women chronically infected with HPV develop cervical cancer. This is not a cause and effect relationship. Read the Markovics' (oncologists) opinion that HPV and cervical cancer are together merely by coincidence, due to HPV being common and cervical cancer being rare.
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Posted by: jyothiratti Posted on: 5/21/2009
what are the Treatmen options for Stage 3b cervical cancer and what is the prognosis.
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Posted by: prema Posted on: 4/15/2009
In a study published by Fr.V.Shata from chennai she says that 'Cancer of the uterine cervix is one of the leading causes of cancer death among women worldwide.'

She estimates that the number of new cervical cancer cases per year is 500,000, of which 79% occur in developing countries.

She further adds that 'cervical cancer is ranked highest or second-highest among cancers in women in developing countries, whereas in affluent countries cervical cancer does not even rate within the top 5 leading cancers in women. The truncated rate in the age group 35-64 years in Chennai, India, is even higher (99.1/100,000; 1982-95) than the rate reported from Cali, Colombia (77.4/100,000; 1987-91). The cervical cancer burden in India alone is estimated to reach 100,000 by 2001. The differential patterns of cervical cancer and the wide variation in incidence are possibly related to environmental differences. Etiologic associations and possible risk factors for cervical carcinoma have been extensively studied. The factors are: sexual and reproductive factors; socioeconomic factors (education and income); viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus, HIV); and other factors such as smoking, diet, oral contraceptives, hormones, etc. The accumulated evidence suggests that cervical cancer is preventable and is highly suitable for primary prevention. Sexual hygiene, use of barrier contraceptives, and ritual circumcision can undoubtedly reduce cervical cancer incidence. Education, cervical cancer screening of high-risk groups, and improvement in socioeconomic status can reduce cervical cancer morbidity and mortality significantly.'

A goodstudy worth referring to for lookinbg at this miserable disease of the women.

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Posted by: prema Posted on: 4/15/2009
Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in India, however it is only the third most common cancer among women in Unites States. Endometrial cancer and ovarain cancer are more common. It is however breast cancer that tops the list with approximately 200,000 women suffering from it every year. The pelvic cancers - endometrium, ovary, cervix, vulva, vagina, tubes, as well as gestational trophoblastic malignancies. Apparenently 20,000 to 25,000 women will succumb to these pelvic malignancies every year.

Some of these stats are from Guy I.Benrubi, M.D. from University of Florida Health Science Center / Jacksonville.



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