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Staging of Anal Cancer

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A cancer is often staged to describe the size and degree of spread to lymph nodes and other organs. It enables the doctor to decide on the treatment and probable prognosis or outcome of the cancer. Anal cancer is divided into the following stages

Stage 0

Abnormal cells are detected in the innermost lining of the anus.

Stage I

The tumor is 2 cm or less in size and has not spread to lymph nodes or other organs

Stage II

The tumor is more than 2 cm in size and has not spread to lymph nodes or other organs

Stage III

The tumor may be of any size and has invaded either nearby lymph nodes or organs

It is divided into stage III A and stage III B depending on the lymph nodes involved

Stage IV

The tumor has spread to distant organs such as lungs and liver or bones
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