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Children with
priapism are typically those who have leukemia. In this
situation, the white blood cells occlude, or block the outflow
of blood from the penis causing priapism.
Children with sickle-cell disease can be afflicted with priapism. In this situation, the penis receives low oxygen,
and therefore, the blood sickles and prevents outflow because
of sludging.
Other rare causes of priapism in
childhood include trauma, either to the penis or to the area
underneath the penis known as the perineum. Additionally,
spinal cord injuries can cause priapism. Extremely rare causes
of priapism include drug side effects, but typically these
drugs are not used in children.
In adults, priapism
either has a known cause or an unknown cause, in which case it
is idiopathic, or has no identifiable cause.
Typical causes in adults include sickle-cell disease, which
accounts for almost a third of all cases. It is reported that
42 percent of all sickle-cell adults and 64 percent of all
sickle-cell children will eventually develop priapism.
The most common cause of priapism is
pharmacological injection therapy, which far out shadows all
currently known causes.
Drug-related priapism
includes those drug used to treat psychotic type illness,
including Thorazine and chlorpromazine. Other more uncommon
drugs include those used to treat high-blood pressure such as
prazosin.
Rare causes may also be
related to cancers that can infiltrate the penis and prevent
the outflow of blood.
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