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"Age cannot wither her, nor custom stale her infinite, variety bestowed."
-Cleopatra
William Shakespere
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Menopause usually occurs between the ages of 40 and 55 and is a natural biological event in a woman's life. During Menopause ovulation (egg production) ceases, eliminating the possibility of pregnancy, and menstruation becomes less frequent and eventually stops. In India, Menopause begins early. In some women, menstrual activity stops suddenly, but it usually tapers off, both in amount and duration of flow and frequently the menstrual periods become more closely or more widely spaced. This irregularity may last for 2 or 3 years before menstruation finally stops.
To understand menopause it is important to understand the physiology of hormones in a woman.
What is estrogen and progesterone?
Estrogen is known as a 'female hormone' because it plays a key role in shaping the female body and preparing it for uniquely female functions such as pregnancy. Estrogen is vital for the development of breasts and hips. In addition, the vagina, uterus, and other female organs depend on the presence of estrogen in the body to mature.
Also, estrogen stimulates skeletal growth and helps maintain healthy bones. It also helps protect the heart and veins by increasing 'good cholesterol' (HDL or high-density lipoprotein) and lowering 'bad cholesterol' (LDL or low-density lipoprotein). Estrogen may also affect a woman's sexual desire. Prior to Menopause, the ovaries make more than 90 per cent of the estrogen in a woman's body. Other organs including the adrenal glands, liver, and kidneys also make small amounts of estrogen. For this reason women continue to have low levels of estrogen after menopause. Interestingly, fat cells can also make small amounts of estrogen and women who are overweight when they are going through Menopause may have fewer problems like hot flashes and osteoporosis (both of which are related to lack of estrogen).
Progesterone is the second most important female hormone made by the ovaries. This, along with estrogen regulates the changes that occur with each menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for pregnancy. A smaller amount of progesterone is produced by the adrenal glands. The main function of progesterone is to stimulate the growth of a cushion lining in the uterus where the fertilized egg can grow and develop into a baby and help the breast make milk.
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