Signs of sexual development do not begin until the fourth week. The primordial germ cells migrate into the newly formed gonadal tissue by the end of fifth week. The most crucial and sensitive developmental period is the first trimester (4th week to 7th week) when much of the organ systems are developed. The presence of factors such as drugs, viruses, radiation and other mechanical factors in this period can lead to birth defects.
By the seventh week, rudimentary eyes, ears, nose, jaws, heart, liver and intestines are distinctly visible. By the end of the 8th week, the embryo is about 30 mm long and weighs about 5 grams. The amniotic fluid also continues to increase and serves as a shock absorber.
From the 8th week of development, the fetus continues to grow, increasing in size and weight until about 38 weeks. Even a 26-week old fetus can survive if born prematurely, even though it has attained only 30% of the normal birth weight.