Diabetes

• Chronic health condition

• Insufficient insulin produced /used

• Affects sugar breakdown

 Introduction

• Food eaten converted to glucose

• Glucose produces energy

• Insulin breaks down glucose 

• Diabetics do not sufficiently produce or use insulin

• Causes blood sugar build-up in blood 

 Types

 Type I diabetes

• Mostly occurs in children/young adult 

• Insulin production affected

 Type II diabetes

• Mostly occur in adults

• Body is partially/ fully insulin resistant

• Blood sugar level increases

 Gestational diabetes 

• Occurs in pregnant women 

• Causes problems in mother and
  baby

  Symptoms

• Increased thirst 

• Excessive urination

• Weight loss 

• Weakness

• Vision changes

• Dry skin / dehydration

• Numbness in hands/ feet

 Diagnosis

• Fasting blood glucose level> 126 mg/dL

• Random Blood Glucose> 200 mg/dL

 Complications of diabetes

• Diabetic Retinopathy (eye)

• Kidney Disease 

• Heart Disease and Stroke 

• Nerve Disease 

• Impotence (sexual disorder)

 Treatment
 Type I diabetes

• Daily Insulin injections 

• Insulin cannot be taken as a pill

 Type II diabetes

• Healthy diet and exercise brings down glucose level.

• Some people need diabetic medicine or insulin

 Medications lower blood glucose    level

• Sulfonylurea drugs & Meglitinedes: Produces insulin in the pancreas

• Biguanides: decreases glucose in liver

• µ- glucosidase inhibitors: Slows the absorption of starch

• Consult a diabetologist or general physician