Glossary
Bronchiectasis: Abnormal, large bronchial tubes caused by chronic infections.Fallot’s tetralogy: The commonest form of cyanotic congenital heart disease, comprising high pulmonary valve stenosis, ventricular septal defect, dextroposition (displacement to the right) of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy.
Pulmonary edema: Excess fluid in the lungs.
Pulmonary fibrosis: A condition in which the tissue of the lungs has become thick and scarred, usually because of inflammation caused by lung conditions such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.
Emphysema: Pulmonary emphysema is a disorder affecting the alveoli (tiny air sacs) of the lungs. The transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs takes place in the walls of the alveoli. In emphysema, the alveoli become abnormally inflated, damaging their walls and making it harder to breathe. People who smoke or have chronic bronchitis have an increased risk of emphysema.
Raynaud disease: Changes in skin color due to spasm of small blood vessels especially with exposure to cold.
Ventricular septal defect: Hole in the wall separating the two ventricles of the heart.
Atrial septal defect: Abnormal breach in the fibrous membrane separating the two smaller, collecting chambers of the heart (atria).
