Worst Outbreak of Deadly Kidney Disease

In Germany the deadly kidney disease reported in a quarter of the recent E.coli cases and 11 other countries is one of the worst outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) that have ever occurred, says expert.

"This is the largest epidemic of HUS to have occurred anywhere in the world," said Francois-Xavier Weill, head of France's National Reference Centre for Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome of Shigellosis
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) is an unusual complication linked to E.coli associated gastro-enteritis but rarely also seen with bacillary dysentery.

More than 550 cases of the kidney-wrecking condition have been reported since the outbreak in northern Germany of a virulent strain of enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.

Twelve of these HUS cases -- eleven in Germany and one in Sweden -- have proven fatal as of midday Friday, the ECDC said.

More than 2,000 people are known to have been infected by the rogue bacteria, whose origins continue to elude German and international health officials.

Quiz on Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist, and are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine.

Healthy kidneys filter about half a cup of blood every minute, removing wastes and extra water to make urine. The urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder through two thin tubes of muscle called ureters, one on each side of your bladder. The bladder stores urine. The kidneys, ureters, and bladder are partof the urinary tract.

Anatomy of Urinary System
Animation & slides showing anatomy of urinary system and the role of kidneys in getting rid of the waste products and excess fluid from our body to keep us healthy.

kidneys remove wastes and extra fluid from your body. Kidneys also remove acid that is produced by the cells of your body and maintain a healthy balance of water, salts, and minerals-such as sodium, calcium, phosphorus and potassium-in your blood ().

Without this balance, nerves, muscles, and other tissues in the body may not work normally.

Germany Hunts Source of E.Coli Outbreak
Authorities in Germany said that it is trying to locate the exact source of deadly E.coli bacteria outbreak blamed for 10 deaths.

Kidneys also make hormones that help

Control your blood pressure
Make red blood cells
Keep your bones strong and healthy

"Until we have discovered exactly what food stuff is responsible and withdrawn it, there will be new cases. Finding it is the absolute priority," Weill told AFP in an interview.

Weill confirmed that the culprit strain of E. coli identified independently by several laboratories -- while exceedingly rare -- is not "entirely new" as claimed by a Chinese laboratory that sequenced the genome in cooperation with a German hospital.

"It has been identified on one previous occasion, in Korea. The Chinese lab only compared the genome to others that had also been completely sequenced, but that would be not even 10 of the 70 known types of EHEC," he said by phone.

Antibiotics are not only generally ineffective against the strain, but can actually aggravate the infection, Weill explained.

"When you destroy the bacteria with an antibiotic, you liberate something called Shiga-toxins, which are responsible for the destruction of blood cells and small blood vessels," leading to bloody diarrhoea, he said.

The best treatment, he added, is to boost the deficiencies caused by the toxins: loss of red blood cells and platelets, along with kidney failure.

"You do transfusions, you do dialysis. If it's really bad, you change the plasma," Weill said.

For less serious cases, it is a matter of treating diarrhoea, the other major symptom of E. coli infections, by rehydration and monitoring.

Taking anti-diarrhoetics is a bad idea, however, because "the body needs to quickly eliminate the bacteria and its toxins."

Normally meat -- especially ground beef -- and raw-milk cheeses are the primary suspects for an illness-inducing E. coli outbreak, but in this case experts think raw vegetables are to blame after interviews conducted with the first wave of patients.

Three vegetables in particular top the list: lettuce, tomatoes and cucumbers, Weill said.

Another clue is the profile of the victims, who have been 80 percent adults, and 70 percent women.

The deadly bacteria must have been present in significant quantities, Weill said, because E. coli has to surmount two barriers to make someone really sick. One is the gastric juices in our gut, which kill many foreign bugs, and the other is the human immune system.

Source-AFP