Vascular Health in Indigenous Australians Improved by Treating Gum Disease: Study

The thickness of the wall of the arteries, a risk factor for heart disease, can be reduced with a simple non-surgical gum disease treatment, reveals a study, first of its kind among Aboriginal Australians.

The study findings may be of particular importance to Aboriginal Australians, who in general have poorer oral health and higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

High Cholesterol | Hypercholesterolemia - Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis & Treatment
High cholesterol level in blood are a risk for heart disease and stroke. They get deposited in the wall of the arteries and clog the circulation posing a threat to life.

Published in the latest issue of Hypertension, the study reports a significant decline in thickening of the wall of the carotid artery a year after a single session of gum treatment. "The study shows that non-surgical periodontal therapy significantly reduced the progression of thickening of the carotid artery over a one-year period," says study co-author, University of Sydney vascular disease expert Dr Michael Skilton.

"The magnitude of the reduction in thickening of the carotid artery in the treatment group, relative to the control group, is similar to what has been observed in other clinical trials in high risk populations.

"The effect is comparable to a 30 per cent fall in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol – commonly referred to as 'bad' cholesterol – which is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease.

Extraction of Tooth
A simple but graphic slide animation that shows you how a tooth is extracted by a dentist under local anesthesia.

"It's also equivalent to the effects of reversing four years of aging, 8 kg/m2 lower body mass index, or 25 mm Hg lower systolic blood pressure."

The study was prompted by conjecture about the causative relationship between periodontal (gum) disease and atherosclerotic vascular disease and is among the first using a randomised trial to investigate a periodontal intervention on atherosclerotic disease.

High Fat Diet Destroys Arteries Early
High fat diet can destroy arteries earlier than expected. It is also one of the primary causative factors of high blood pressure (BP).

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard structures that support the teeth. In its early stage, the gums become swollen and red due to inflammation, which is the body's natural response to the presence of harmful bacteria.

In the more serious form of periodontal disease (periodontitis), the gums pull away from the tooth and supporting gum tissues are destroyed. Bone can be lost, and the teeth may loosen or eventually fall out.

Animation on Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG)
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery (CABG) is performed to restore the blood supply to areas of heart that have been reduced or has no blood supply due to blockage in the artery.

Atherosclerosis is the most common cause of heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease – collectively known as 'cardiovascular disease'. It usually causes no symptoms until middle or older age but as narrowing and hardening of the arteries accelerates, they choke blood flow, causing pain and other serious cardiovascular complications.

Despite reducing thickening of the carotid artery, the study found no effect of periodontal therapy on arterial stiffness – another pre-clinical marker of atherosclerotic vascular disease and risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

"Future studies may tell us whether a more intensive approach to periodontal therapy, including regular periodontal maintenance schedules, can produce more marked improvements in vascular structure," Dr Skilton says.

"The findings indicate that periodontal therapy has a systemic impact beyond treating gum disease. "If further studies can confirm our report the treatment of periodontal disease may become reducing means by which to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, especially in high risk populations such as Indigenous Australians."

Source-Eurekalert