Scientists Explore Link Between Asthma and Obesity

Genes associated with chronic inflammation in asthma could be more active in obese people, say researchers.

First author Paresh Dandona, MD, PhD, SUNY Distinguished Professor and Chief of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at the //University at Buffalo, said that his team findings point the way to the management of asthma in the obese through simple weight reduction.

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The research involved two related studies: A comparative study between obese people and people of normal weights; and an experiment that looked at how various biological indicators - including the behavior of asthma-linked genes - changed when morbidly obese patients received gastric bypass surgery.

In the comparative study, the scientists found that four genes associated with chronic inflammation in asthma were more active in obese and morbidly obese people, by more than 100 percent in some cases. The highest activity was found in the morbidly obese.

This increased gene expression matters because it can cause white blood cells called mononuclear cells to produce far greater amounts of inflammatory factors like interleukin 4, LIGHT and lymphotoxin beta receptor which contribute to allergic inflammation and other abnormalities in the bronchial passages in asthma.

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The scientists also found higher concentrations of two asthma-related compounds in the plasma of obese and morbidly obese patients: MMP-9, which is associated with inflammation, and nitric oxide metabolites (NOM), which are an indicator of oxidative stress.

Following gastric bypass surgery in morbidly obese diabetic patients, MMP-9 and NOM levels dropped, along with the expression of six asthma-related genes including the key factors, interleukin 4, LIGHT, lymphotoxin beta and interleukin 33 in parallel with weight loss and improvements in the status of their diabetes.

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"Ours is the first study to provide a mechanistic link between obesity and asthma through biological/immunological mechanisms," Dandona said. "There has been, until now, no biological, mechanistic explanation other than the fact that obesity may raise the diaphragm and thus reduce lung volumes."

Importantly, the research established a connection between Type 2 diabetes, obesity and asthma based on biological mechanisms. This is important because obesity and Type 2 diabetes are associated with a more than 100 percent increase in the prevalence of asthma, Dandona said.

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The research has been published online in the journal Obesity.

Source-ANI