Risk of Dialysis in Kidney Patients After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Quiz on Dialysis
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‘The rate of kidney disease patients who eventually need to start dialysis after undergoing a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is relatively low. ’

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Highlights:

Stage 4 and 5 kidney disease patients have a higher risk of dialysis at 30 days post-TAVR.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a treatment option for patients with aortic stenosis who are not suitable for surgical valve replacement.
Study finds that the high-risk group represents a small minority of the entire TAVR population, less than 6 percent of the patients.

A new study published in JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions shows that the rate of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing TAVR who need to start on dialysis due to kidney-related issues post operation is relatively low.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a viable treatment option for high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who are not suitable candidates for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). Although the published outcomes of the procedure are promising, the risk of developing acute kidney injury lowers the survival rate of patients post-TAVR.

Chronic Renal Failure - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complications, Treatment, Prevention
Chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease is progressive loss in kidney function. The change is irreversible and is due to loss of nephrons of the kidney.

Kidney disease and valve replacement

Kidney health is often a representative of a patient’s overall health. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for heart diseases but the development of CKD is often secondary to many other diseases that are related to heart disease, such as high blood pressure and poorly controlled diabetes. Many of these patients have aortic stenosis, which requires a valve replacement.

How to Prevent Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease occurs by a gradual loss of kidney function.Avoid excess use of painkillers and alternative therapy to prevent irreversible kidney injury.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)

TAVR is a minimally invasive procedure wherein the aortic valve is replaced without removing the damaged valve. A catheter is used to deliver the replacement valve to the site of the old valve. After the replacement, the new valve begins regulating blood flow. This procedure is generally for patients with poor health conditions where an open-heart valve replacement may be too risky.

Chronic Kidney Disease Worsens Outcome of Hospital Acquired Complications
Hospital acquired complications (HACs) and early death are higher among in-patients with chronic kidney disease among hospitalized patients.

Study Overview

“The findings will help physicians and patients with chronic kidney disease make more informed decisions about whether patients are good candidates for TAVR”, said lead researcher James W. Hansen, DO, structural interventional cardiology fellow at the Lahey Hospital and Medical Center in Burlington, Massachusetts.

The data was collected from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons / American College of Cardiology TVT Registry and included 44,778 non-dialysis patients who underwent TAVR from 2011 to 2015.

Patients were divided according to their stage of kidney disease. The least severe stage (stage 1 and 2) of kidney disease was considered the control group. The stages of kidney disease were measured by how much blood can be filtered by the kidney in a given period of time.

Study findings

Stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients: More than one-third of patients required dialysis within 30 days post-surgery and almost two-thirds required it at one year.
Stage 4 chronic kidney disease patients: One-third of the patients died within one year of TAVR, with about one-sixth required dialysis.
Stage 3 chronic kidney disease patients: 2.2 percent had newly started dialysis 30 days post-surgery and 3.5 percent had started dialysis one year post-surgery.
Stages 1 and 2 chronic kidney disease patients: 0.7 percent had newly started dialysis 30 days post-surgery and 1.2 percent started dialysis one year post-surgery.

"While patients with more severe chronic kidney disease do have a higher rate of both death and dialysis at 30 days and one year, we’re encouraged that the absolute rate of new dialysis is relatively low in stage 3 patients," Hansen said. “Until now, there has been no comprehensive data on the risk of dialysis for chronic kidney patients undergoing TAVR”, he said.

The study overall suggests that only patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (stage 4 and stage 5) suffer from high rates of dialysis and death post-TAVR.

Reference:

James W. Hansen, Andrew Foy, Pradeep Yadav, Ian C. Gilchrist, Mark Kozak, Amanda Stebbins, Roland Matsouaka, Sreekanth Vemulapalli,Alice Wang, Dee Dee Wang, Marvin H. Eng, Adam B. Greenbaum, William O. O’Neill. Death and Dialysis After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement : An Analysis of the STS/ACC TVT Registry. JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions (2017) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2017.09.001

Source-Medindia