Results Show Experimental Drug to be Effective in Some Patients With Pancreatic or Ovarian Cancer

Results of the phase I clinical trial of the investigational agent DMOT4039A has found the drug to be well tolerated in some patients and display initial evidence of anti-cancer activity among patients suffering from pancreatic and ovarian cancers, researchers told the 50th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO).

The drug is in fact a combination of a chemotherapeutic agent with an antibody, technically called an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Just as cells of the immune system use antibodies to recognize pathogens, researchers in this study designed antibodies to recognize a protein over-expressed by these cancer cells, namely the protein mesothelin. The engineered antibodies attach to mesothelin on the cells, and thus bring along their chemotherapeutic cargo directly to the mesothelin-rich cancer cells.

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Pancreatic cancer often involves its exocrine part. It grows aggressively, and often detected late. Treatment options include surgery, radiation and chemotherapy.

"The deal is that the cell has to express the protein. The more it's expressed only on cancer cells, the more targeted the therapy becomes," says Colin Weekes, MD, PhD, CU Cancer Center investigator and assistant professor in the Division of Oncology at the CU School of Medicine.

A similar antibody-drug conjugate approach is used by the breast cancer agent T-DM1, which attaches chemotherapy to an antibody that seeks the HER2 protein in HER2+ breast cancers.

The current phase I clinical trial, sponsored by the agent's manufacturer, Genentech, was carried out at the University of Colorado Cancer Center, in the Netherlands, and at three Mayo Clinic locations in Scottsdale, Arizona, Jacksonville, Florida, and Rochester Minnesota. The study enrolled 71 patients, with no dose-limiting toxicities seen at maximum study dosage.

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Ovarian cancer affects both the ovaries and is referred to as the 'silent killer' as the symptoms go unnoticed until the disease advances.

"For tumors that overexpress a specific protein ADCs may make sense," Weekes says. "But for other tumors with specific genetic abnormality that doesn't result in overexpression of a protein, it won't make sense."

Additionally, Weekes explains, the creation of antibody-drug conjugates requires technically sophisticated procedures to create "linker constructs" between drug and antibody.

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Ovarian pain is caused due to various conditions like ovarian cysts, ovarian tumors, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory diseases, ovarian remnant syndrome and Mittelschmerz.

"You can't just put any drug on these things," Weekes says.

But in tumors that overexpress certain proteins, or perhaps in tumors that can be made to overexpress certain proteins, the strategy of targeting cancers with antibody-drug conjugates remains promising. The agent DMOT4039A is now being evaluated for further human trials.

Source-Eurekalert