Next-Gen Artificial Pancreas Aids Better Blood Sugar Control

Novel artificial pancreas system can help people with type 1 diabetes gain even better control of their blood sugar levels than existing treatment does, reports a new study. The findings of the study are published in the New England Journal of Medicine.//

The study showed that the system improved participants' blood glucose control throughout the day and overnight. Overnight glucose control is a common but serious challenge for children and adults with type 1 diabetes since blood glucose can drop to dangerously low levels when a person is asleep.

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‘The artificial pancreas, known as closed-loop control, is an "all-in-one" diabetes management system that can help track blood glucose levels using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) and automatically produce the insulin hormone when needed, using an insulin pump.’
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The artificial pancreas replaces reliance on testing by fingerstick or CGM with separate delivery of insulin by multiple daily injections or a pump.

The International Diabetes Closed-Loop (iDCL) Study involves five separate artificial pancreas clinical protocols implemented by ten research centers, including the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. This six-month study was the third phase in the series of trials. It was conducted with participants living their usual day-to-day lives, so the researchers could best understand how the system works in typical daily routines.

"This trial has been an important step forward in care for people with type 1 diabetes," said Carol Levy, MD, CDE, Clinical Director of the Mount Sinai Diabetes Center and the lead investigator at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai.

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This iDCL protocol enrolled 168 participants age 14 or older with type 1 diabetes. They were randomly assigned to use either the artificial pancreas system called Control-IQ or sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy with a CGM and insulin pump that did not automatically adjust insulin throughout the day. Participants had contact with study staff every two to four weeks to download and review device data. No remote monitoring of the systems was done so that the study would reflect real-world use.

The researchers found that users of the artificial pancreas system significantly increased the amount of time in which their blood glucose levels remained within the target range of 70 to 180 mg/dL by an average of 2.6 hours per day, while the time in range in the SAP group remained unchanged over six months. Artificial pancreas users also showed improvements in time spent with high and low blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and other measurements related to diabetes control compared to the SAP group.

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The Control-IQ technology was derived from a system originally developed at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville. In this system, the insulin pump is programmed with advanced control algorithms based on a mathematical model that uses the person's glucose monitoring information to adjust the insulin dose automatically.

"This system has some unique features to help patients achieve target glucose levels while reducing the risk of hypoglycemia. It has been an exciting study both for patients and the research team," said Dr. Levy.

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"By making the management of type 1 diabetes easier and more precise by using artificial pancreas technology, the potential is tremendous to reduce the daily burden of this disease and improve long-term outcomes for our patients."

Source-Eurekalert