Mitochondria Linked to Cocaine Addiction can be Blocked

Mitochondrial changes that occur in cocaine addiction have been identified and these changes could be blocked by using a chemical called Mdivi-1, reveals a new study.

For years, scientists have known that mitochondria in brain cells play a role in brain disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety and stress responses. //

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The longstanding puzzle of why a key protein linked to learning is also needed to become addicted to cocaine has been solved, claims researchers.

‘By genetically manipulating the fission molecule can block mitochondrial responses to cocaine.’

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Mitochondria serve as the power source of cells, and they play an important role in the way cells function in the body. Scientists at the University of Maryland School of Medicine (UMSOM) have found these results.

In mice exposed repeatedly to cocaine, UMSOM researchers identified an increase in a molecule that plays a role in mitochondria division (or fission) in a reward region of the brain. Researchers were able to block this change by using a special chemical, Mdivi-1.

The researchers also blocked responses to cocaine by genetically manipulating the fission molecule within the mitochondria of brain cells, according to research published in Neuron.

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"We are actually showing a new role for mitochondria in cocaine-induced behavior, and it's important for us to further investigate that role," said Mary Kay Lobo, PhD, Associate Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology.

The researchers initially studied the mitochondria in cocaine-exposed mice and determined that mitochondria fission increased in the major reward region of the brain.

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Cocaine is one of the most widely-used illicit drugs in the Western world and is highly addictive. Almost one in 10 of all 16-to 59-year-olds have used cocaine once.

To confirm this same change in humans, researchers were able to identify similar changes in the mitochondrial fission molecule in tissue collected from post-mortem individuals who were cocaine dependents.

Dr. Lobo said that this latest research could help researchers better understand changes in brain cells and mitochondria from other addictive disorders.

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High levels of hypocretin molecule in the brain may contribute to cocaine addiction, say researchers at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI).

"We are interested to see if there are mitochondrial changes when animals are taking opiates. That is definitely a future direction for the lab," she said.

Source-Eurekalert