Whole Grains Can Lower The Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Highlights

• Diet and lifestyle play a major role in the prevention of colorectal cancer.
• Eating approximately three servings (90 grams) of whole grains daily reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by 17 percent.
• Hot dogs, bacon and other processed meats consumed regularly increase the risk of this cancer.

The food choices we make can either trigger or protect the body from diseases. It is well known that fruits, vegetables and lean cuts of meat, poultry and fish contain nutrients which are vital for healthy living. Adding on to the list is whole grains. Eating whole grains daily, such as brown rice or whole-wheat bread, reduces colorectal cancer risk, with the more you eat the lower the risk, finds a new report by the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) and the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF).

Also, hot dogs, bacon and other processed meats consumed regularly increase the risk of this cancer. There was strong evidence that physical activity protects against colon cancer.

"Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers, yet this report demonstrates there is a lot people can do to dramatically lower their risk," said Edward L. Giovannucci, MD, ScD, lead author of the report and professor of nutrition and epidemiology at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health. "The findings from this comprehensive report are robust and clear: Diet and lifestyle have a major role in colorectal cancer."

Lifestyle Risk Factors Of Colorectal Cancer

The new report which analyzed 99 studies covers 29 million people worldwide on how diet, weight and physical activity affect colorectal cancer risk. The findings include:

• Eating high amounts of red meat (above 500 grams cooked weight a week), such as beef or pork
• Being overweight or obese
• Consuming two or more daily alcoholic drinks (30 grams of alcohol), such as wine or beer

Prevent Colorectal Cancer With Food and Exercise

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In the US, colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among both men and women, with an estimated 371 cases diagnosed each day. AICR estimates that 47 percent of US colorectal cancer cases could be prevented each year through healthy lifestyle changes.

The report concluded that eating approximately three servings (90 grams) of whole grains daily reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by 17 percent. It adds to previous evidence showing that foods containing fiber decrease the risk of this cancer.

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For physical activity, people who are more physically active have a lower risk of colon cancer compared to those who do very little physical activity. Here, the decreased risk was apparent for colon and not rectal cancer.

Notes Giovannucci: "Many of the ways to help prevent colorectal cancer are important for overall health. Factors such as maintaining a lean body weight, proper exercise, limiting red and processed meat and eating more whole grains and fiber would lower risk substantially. Moreover, limiting alcohol to at most two drinks per day and avoidance or cessation of smoking also lower risk."

Limited Evidence on Fish, Fruits and Vegetables

Certain links between diet and colorectal cancer were visible but not as clear. There was limited evidence that risk increases with low intake of both non-starchy vegetables and fruit. A higher risk was observed for intakes of less than 100 grams per day (about a cup) of each.

Links to lowering risk of colorectal cancer was with fish and foods containing vitamin C. Oranges, strawberries and spinach are all foods high in vitamin C.

The research continues to emerge for these factors, but it all points to the power of a plant-based diet, says Alice Bender, MS, RDN, AICR Director of Nutrition Programs. "Replacing some of your refined grains with whole grains and eating mostly plant foods, such as fruits, vegetables and beans, will give you a diet packed with cancer-protective compounds and help you manage your weight, which is so important to lower risk."

"When it comes to cancer there are no guarantees, but it’s clear now there are choices you can make and steps you can take to lower your risk of colorectal and other cancers," said Bender.

Reference

1. Edward L. Giovannucci et al., Whole grains decrease colorectal cancer risk, processed meats increase the risk, Continuous Update Project (CUP) .

Source-Medindia