Long-standing
exposure to arsenic causes growth defects, cancer as well as skin, brain and
heart diseases. Arsenic enters the human body via water and food like rice and
seafood. On the other hand, food contents such as folic acid, vitamin B12, protein and methionine are
essential in eliminating arsenic from the body.
Arsenic strongly
binds to a protein present in nails and hair called keratin. Hence, toenail
arsenic levels are considered as strong indicators of dietary arsenic. The
current study investigated the relationship between toenail arsenic and dietary factors like folic acid, vitamin B12,
protein and fats.
The study population, comprising
of 920 individuals, consisted of bladder and skin cancer patients, aged 25 to
74 years, from New Hampshire. The household usage of well groundwater in this
population was analyzed to assess their exposure to arsenic through water
consumption. Data for intake of each food item was recorded by means of a food
survey.
The data analysis revealed two
significant findings. One, toenail arsenic levels were inversely proportional
to dietary vitamin B12, animal and vegetable fats and animal
protein. Secondly, high toenail arsenic levels accompanied higher intake of
long chain n-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids are usually found in fish; it is
noteworthy that fish is also rich in arsenic content. Toenail arsenic levels
were also found to be associated with alcohol intake.
The researchers concluded that some dietary lipids and other
factors decrease toenail arsenic concentration, while long chain n-3 fatty
acids intake is directly proportional to increase in toenail arsenic
concentration.
Reference: Associations between toenail arsenic concentration and dietary factors
in a New Hampshire population Joann et al; Nutrition Journal 2012
Source-Medindia