Certain Mushrooms Help Reduce Severity of Alzheimer’s Disease, Dementia

Highlights

Selected edible and medicinal mushrooms may effectively enhance neurite outgrowth in the brain by stimulating nerve growth factor (NGF) production.
NGF is a stimulating //agent that helps in the regeneration of damaged neurons.
Nearly 12 varieties of mushrooms have exhibited neuro-generative properties which helps treat dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Mushrooms and their extracts appear to hold many health benefits, including immune-modulating effects. A number of edible mushrooms have been shown to contain rare and exotic compounds that exhibit positive effects on brain cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Certain edible and medicinal mushrooms contain bioactive compounds that may enhance nerve growth in the brain and protect against neurotoxic stimuli such as inflammation that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases like dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

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‘Mushrooms with anti-inflammatory properties can be used as functional foods to suppress inflammation, which contributes to many age-related chronic diseases including Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.’

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The evidence supporting a potential role of mushrooms as functional foods to reduce or delay development of age-related neurodegeneration is presented in an article published in Journal of Medicinal Food.

In "Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Emerging Brain Food for the Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases," Chia Wei Phan, Pamela David, and Vikineswary Sabaratnam, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, discuss the scientific findings related to the health benefits of edible and culinary mushrooms. The authors focus on the activity of bioactive components of mushrooms that may offer neuroprotective and cognitive benefits.

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Mushrooms might have the potential to be functional foods with neuroprotective and cognitive benefits. It is well documented that the polysaccharides found in mushrooms are effective immunomodulating agents.

Mushrooms contain diverse yet exclusive bioactive compounds that are not found in plants. It is very likely that a dietary intake of mushroom or mushroom-based extracts might have beneficial effects on human health and improve brain function.

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It was once believed that nerve regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) was not possible. However, it has become apparent that damaged neurons do regenerate under the presence of stimulatory substances such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), lithium, and thyroid hormones.

Selected mushrooms with potential to be explored as mitigators of neurodegeneration include Hericium erinaceus, Dictyophora indusiata, Grifola frondosa, Tremella fuciformis Berk, Tricholoma sp., Termitomyces albuminosus, Lignosus rhinocerotis, Cordyceps militaris, Pleurotus giganteus, Ganoderma lucidum P. Karst, and Ganoderma neo-japonicum Imazeki.

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Mushrooms with anti-inflammatory properties can be used as functional foods to suppress inflammation, which contributes to many age-related chronic diseases including neurodegenerative diseases. Nevertheless, the brain and cognition health effects of mushrooms are in their early stages of research as compared with plant and herbal medicine, which is already widely explored and relatively more advanced.

The extract of H. erinaceus was reported to exert neurotrophic action and improve myelination process in the rat brain without affecting nerve cell growth and toxicity.

D. indusiata is a famous edible mushroom used in Chinese cuisine and is considered the Queen of Mushrooms. Dictyophorines A and B, were isolated from the mushroom and were found to promote NGF synthesis in rat astroglial cells. According to the study done by Kawagishi et al., it was shown that the quantity of NGF secretion into the medium in the presence of 3.3 mM of dictyophorines A was four times higher than that of the control without treatment.

"In contrast to the body of literature on food ingredients that may benefit cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, very few studies have focused on food that may benefit neurodegenerative diseases," says Journal of Medicinal Food Editor-in-Chief Sampath Parthasarathy, MBA, PhD, Florida Hospital Chair in Cardiovascular Sciences and Interim Associate Dean, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida. "The current study might stimulate the identification of more food materials that are neuroprotective."

Reference

Phan Chia-Wei et al., Edible and Medicinal Mushrooms: Emerging Brain Food for the Mitigation of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Journal of Medicinal Food (2017) doi:10.1089/jmf.2016.3740.

Source-Medindia