COVID-19 Linked to Alzheimer's Like Dementia

Artificial intelligence uncovers mechanism that associates COVID-19 with Alzheimer's disease-like cognitive impairment as per a Cleveland Clinic -led study published in the journal Alzheimer's Research & Therapy.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to gradual memory loss and behavioral changes. It is characterized by the formation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain tissues, years before the actual symptoms occur.

Risk Factors for Alzheimers Disease
Cognitively normal adults exhibiting atrophy of their temporal lobe or damage to blood vessels in the brain are more likely to develop Alzheimer’s disease.

‘Artificial intelligence uncovers a mechanism that associates COVID-19 with Alzheimer's disease. The SARS-CoV-2 virus may impact several genes or pathways involved in neuroinflammation and brain microvascular injury thereby causing cognitive impairment. The data may help in developing risk management and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-associated dementia.’

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Multiple reports support the long-lasting impact of COVID-19 on brain functions. This data may help in developing risk management and therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-associated cognitive impairment.

The study team harnessed the essence of artificial intelligence using existing datasets of patients with Alzheimer's and COVID-19. The proximity between SARS-CoV-2 host genes/proteins and those associated with several neurological diseases along with the genetic factors were then measured.

COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease

Cardiac Cycle Modulates Learning
The activity of the cardiorespiratory neurons in the brain stem affects the overall neural state of the hippocampus and thus the neural processing of the external information.

It was discovered that close network relationships between the virus and genes/proteins associated with several neurological diseases, most notably Alzheimer's, pointed to the pathways by which COVID-19 could lead to Alzheimer's disease-like dementia.

To explore this further, the team investigated COVID-19 correlation with neuroinflammation and brain microvascular injury (both hallmarks of Alzheimer's).

New Genes That may Contribute to Alzheimer's Disease Discovered
The newly discovered genes may suggest an inflammatory response and changes in the protein production contribute to the overall neurodegeneration witnessed in AD.

"We discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly altered Alzheimer's markers implicated in brain inflammation and that certain viral entry factors are highly expressed in cells in the blood-brain barrier. These findings indicate that the virus may impact several genes or pathways involved in neuroinflammation and brain microvascular injury, which could lead to Alzehimer's disease-like cognitive impairment," says Feixiong Cheng, Ph.D., assistant staff in Cleveland Clinic's Genomic Medicine Institute and lead author on the study.

The study also found that individuals with the allele APOE E4/E4, the greatest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's, had decreased expression of antiviral defense genes, which could make these patients more susceptible to COVID-19.

"Ultimately, we hope to have paved the way for research that leads to testable and measurable biomarkers that can identify patients at the highest risk for neurological complications with COVID-19," says Dr. Cheng.

Source-Medindia