`Body Clock` Regulates Immune Responses’ Highs and Lows

The successful functioning of host immune defence relies partly on an organism's `body clock`, reveals a new study.

The study may lead to therapeutic strategies designed to optimise the immune response and to protect patients at the time when they are most vulnerable.

Sleep Disorders: A Prelude
Sleep disorders include difficulty falling/staying asleep, falling asleep at inappropriate times, excessive sleep or abnormal behaviors associated with sleep.

Many organisms have evolved an endogenous timing system called a circadian clock that regulates a wide variety of metabolic activities over a twenty-four hour cycle.

"It is becoming increasingly evident that disruption of daily rhythms, such as from sleep deprivation, affects the immune response," explained senior study author, Dr. Erol Fikrig from Yale University School of Medicine.

"In our study, we were interested in investigating whether the ability of the immune system to detect a pathogen is under circadian control and whether there are timing-associated consequences for the subsequent immune response."

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders - Types, Causes, Health risks, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis
Circadian rhythm (also known as sleep/wake cycle or the body clock) is a biological process that follows an internal cycle of roughly 24 hours.

Dr. Fikrig and colleagues examined the expression and function of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), an immune system protein that can sense bacterial and viral DNA.

The researchers demonstrated that the circadian clock controlled TLR9 expression and function and that mice immunized when TLR9 was most responsive exhibited an enhanced immune response.

Synchronize Your Brain Rhythm With Circadian Rhythm
Brain has its own rhythm analogous to body rhythm or circadian rhythm. If your brain rhythm is in sync with the circadian rhythm you can be healthier, happier and feel more energetic.

Importantly, in a mouse model of sepsis, disease severity was dependent on the timing of sepsis induction, which directly correlated with cyclical changes in TLR9. The authors suggest that this observation may be clinically significant, as septic human patients are known to be at increased risk of mortality between 2 and 6 am.

"These findings not only unveil a novel, direct molecular link between circadian rhythms and the immune system, but also open a new paradigm in the biology of the overall immune response with important implications for the prevention and treatment of disease."

Rhythms of Life
Rhythms from the endogenous ‘biological clock’ controls the physiological processes of all living beings.

"Furthermore, patients in the ICU often have disturbed sleep patterns, due to noise, nocturnal light exposure and medications; it will be important to investigate how these factors influence TLR9 expression levels and immune responses," Dr. Fikrig added.

The study has been published by Cell Press in the journal Immunity.

Source-ANI

‘Body Clock’ Regulates Immune Responses’ Highs and Lows