Raja says the study has several limitations, among them, the fact that the researchers did not know where their subjects shopped for food, only what outlets were closest geographically. The also were not able to classify restaurants based on their quality fast-food and sit-down restaurants were treated as a single category, even though they know that quality varies widely across different types of restaurants.
The study raises several questions to be addressed in future research, she says, and suggests that innovative research designs will be necessary to develop greater evidence of causality perhaps longitudinal studies that look at how moving ones residence (thus changing exposure to a particular food, food type or built environment) affects physical activity, eating behavior and health outcomes.
The study identifies planning strategies and tools available to improve community food and built environments to support healthy eating behavior.
Comprehensive plans, regulatory mechanisms and financial incentives can be used individually or in concert to improve food environments, the study says, and cites recent efforts in Madison and Dane County, Wis.; Marin County, Calif.; Harrison County, Miss.; special regulations adopted in New York City that offer zoning incentives (e.g. allowing denser development and reduction in parking requirements) for development projects that dedicate a greater store floor area to fresh foods in underserved neighborhoods; and Pennsylvanias Fresh Food Financing Initiative.
Source-Medindia