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Why Men Are At Increased Risk For Developing Stomach Cancer
They showed that treating male mice with estrogen dramatically lowers their rates of stomach cancer - specifically, cancers caused by chronic infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori.
The study also describes in new detail how estrogen protects against gastric cancer, which could help scientists find better drug targets against the disease.
Several studies have suggested that estrogen protects women from this kind of inflammation.
Women with delayed menopause and increased fertility have a lower risk of gastric cancer, and drugs that block estrogen activity, such as the breast cancer drug Tamoxifen, are linked to higher rates of gastric cancer in women.
In the new study, James Fox, MIT professor of biological engineering and director of DCM and senior author, and his colleagues waited until the mice had already developed gastritis before giving them estrogen.
The mice were genetically engineered to produce large amounts of gastrin, a hormone that promotes acid production and proliferation of the cells that line the stomach. Such mice typically develop cancer within 20 months.
H. pylori infection speeds up that cancer progression, to about seven months. As in humans, males are much more likely than females to develop gastric cancer.
At age 24 weeks, 16 weeks after being infected with H. pylori, male mice in this study were treated with estrogen, Tamoxifen, both or neither. Female mice were treated with Tamoxifen or nothing. The researchers expected that Tamoxifen would undo the protective effects of estrogen, in both male and female mice.
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