Vaccines for Malaria, TB, HIV/AIDS may Become Reality by 2020

Scientists envisage that by 2020 there would be vaccines for malaria, TB, and HIV/AIDS.

Seattle BioMed Director Alan Aderem, Ph.D., along with Rino Rappuoli, Ph.D., Global Head of Vaccines Research for Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, discussed recent advances in vaccine development.

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Malaria is caused by a parasite that enters blood through the bite of an infected mosquito. It is characterized by fever, vomiting, shivering, sweating and other symptoms.

In the May 26, 2011, edition of the premier scientific journal Nature, they also discussed new tools including systems biology and structure-based antigen design that could lead to a deeper understanding of mechanisms of protection.

This, in turn, will illuminate the path to rational vaccine development to lift the burden of the world's most devastating infectious diseases.

According to Aderem, a systems biology pioneer who recently joined Seattle BioMed to incorporate that approach with the Institute's infectious disease research, new conceptional and technological advances indicate that it will be possible to develop vaccines for the "big three" infectious diseases within the next 10 years.

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Mosquito-borne diseases, like malaria, filaria, dengue, etc are common in places conducive of mosquito breeding. Swamps, ponds and stagnated drainage provide optimal breeding ground for mosquitoes.

"Success will be largely dependent on our ability to use novel approaches such as systems biology to analyse data sets generated during proof-of-concept trials," he explained.

"This will lead to new insights such as the identification of correlates of protection or signatures of immunogenicity and the acceleration of large-scale clinical trials," he stated.

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Aderem added that innovative, new clinical and regulatory approaches will also accelerate the pathway to much-needed vaccines.

The article discussed the strengths and criticisms of the systems biology approach, with the key strength of the approach lying in its ability to capture and integrate massive amounts of biological data to visualize emergent properties that are not demonstrated by their individual parts and cannot be predicted from the parts alone.

"The power of systems biology comes from its capacity to predict the behaviour of an entire biological system," Aderem said.

"From there, we can optimise vaccine candidates and predict whether a drug or vaccine candidate can work before it moves into large scale, very expensive clinical trials," he explained.

Systems biology can also be used to speed the often lengthy clinical trial experience.

Aderem and Rappuoli estimate that in trials of new vaccines for malaria, TB and HIV/AIDS, only one hypothesis has been tested every eight years in the past three decades.

"We cannot afford this approach if we want to have an impact on disease in a reasonable timeframe," Aderem said.

"We can accelerate clinical development by performing more efficacy trials and by improving their design using systems biology approaches to test several hypotheses in parallel and having an adaptive design to expand the outcomes that prove most promising," he added.

Source-ANI