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Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition where the prostate enlarges and compresses the urinary outlet or urethra. The prostate is a gland in males that surrounds the upper part of the urethra. Increase in size of the prostate often occurs in older ages resulting in obstruction to the flow of urine. The patient complains of symptoms like increased frequency of urination during the day as well as night, weak or interrupted stream, increased urgency and need to strain to begin urination. He may feel that he has not emptied his bladder completely after urinating. Untreated BPH could give rise to complications like repeated infections, bladder stone formation and kidney damage.
A recent article published in the US Pharmacist reviewed the use of drugs in treatment of BPH. According to the authors, treatment of mild-to moderate BPH can be delayed and the patient observed for some time. If symptoms progress, the patient should be prescribed drugs belonging to the selective alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (also known as selective alpha-1 blockers) group. These include alfuzosin, doxazosin, silodosin, tamsulosin, and terazosin. These drugs relax the smooth muscles of the prostate and relieve obstruction. Alfuzosin, doxazosin, terazosin could cause a decrease in blood pressure as a side effect. Alfuzosin, tamsulosin and silodosin have been associated with abnormal ejaculation. All the drugs from this group cause dizziness. Tamsulosin is associated with a rare complication during cataract surgery called intraoperative floppy iris syndrome. The alpha blockers could interact with the patient’s current medications; this should be taken into consideration before prescribing the drugs.
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