The practice of transplant tourism needs to be regulated by the introduction of radical reforms, top surgeons say. The claim this practice is adversely affecting people in developing countries like India and Pakistan.

Professor Maqsood Noorani, former transplant surgeon at The Barts and The London NHS Trust in London, says that the UK government must bring in presumed consent to organ donation, or allow a controlled donor compensation programme for unrelated live donors.

He points out that most of the live unrelated donors from countries like Pakistan happen to be desperately poor, and that organs coming from them are transplanted into the rich.

Writing in the British Medical Journal about his first hand experience as part of a transplant team trying to save the lives of British patients who have suffered complications after buying a kidney from a live donor in Pakistan, Noorani revealed that the practice also exploited women who constitute 95 per cent of related live donors.

In the male dominated society of Pakistan, he added, women often had no say over what happened to them.

Noorani also insisted that governments of rich countries should put pressure on Pakistan to discourage patients from travelling for organ transplants, and become self-sufficient themselves by introducing a presumed consent or controlled donor compensation system.

Professor Leigh Turner from McGill University in Canada says that most donors from India, Pakistan, and the Philippines receive less than 2000 dollars, and that the only winners are the organ brokers and transplant surgeons who can charge recipients more than 80 000 dollars.