Research process must be changed in order to minimize fraud and deception, says Vineet Chopra, M.D., F.A.C.P., F.H.M., assistant professor of Internal Medicine at U-M. In 1998 a study linking MMR vaccine and autism in children grabbled headlines worldwide. But the vaccine-autism research was a fraud. The paper was retracted 12 years later, denounced as an elaborate deception. The fraud in that MMR study epitomizes how fabricated research can lead to a domino effect of tragic consequences,says Chopra.
Chopra expresses these concerns in a commentary published in the Journal of the American Medical Association March 23 with Matthew Davis, M.D., M.A.P.P., associate professor of pediatrics and communicable diseases, internal medicine and public policy at the University of Michigan Medical School and Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. They call for changes throughout the research process to adjust expectations for researchers that conduct studies, the journals that publish results and the public that responds to the findings.
Chopra and Davis emphasize the critical importance of equipoise - a state of genuine uncertainty on the part of the researcher as to what a study will reveal. In an era of increasing competition for funding and publication, researchers face mounting pressure to report the results they wish to see, says Davis. Of course, it's natural for the public to want unequivocal advances in understanding and the latest accomplishments in medical research. But research doesn't always yield those results. The key is for funders, journals, the media and the public to value equipoise in the research process, rather than only the results.