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Study On Insulin-Creating Cell Could Pave Way For Better Treatment For Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by a loss of beta cells by auto-immunity while type 2 is due to a relative insufficiency of beta cells.
By using radioactive carbon-14 produced by above ground nuclear testing in the 1950s and '60s, researchers have determined that the number of beta cells remains static after age 30.
Bruce Buchholz of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory scientist and collaborators from the National Institutes of Health used two methods to examine adult human beta cell turnover and longevity.
Using LLNL's Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Buchholz measured the amount of carbon 14 in DNA in beta cells and discovered that after age 30, the body does not create any new beta cells, thus decreasing the capacity to produce insulin as a person ages.
Because DNA is stable after a cell has gone through its last cell division, the concentration of carbon 14 in DNA serves as a date mark for when a cell was born and can be used to date cells in humans.
"We found that beta cells turnover up to about age 30, and there they remain throughout life. The findings have implications for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes," said Buchholz.
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