Molecular imaging can help physicians identify aortic dissection—an often fatal blood vessel condition—and help guide treatment, according to research published in the May issue of
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, . Aortic dissection occurs when a tear in the wall of the aorta causes blood to flow between the layers of the wall of the aorta and force the layers apart.
"Many conventional forms of imaging are not able to clearly differentiate between acute and chronic dissection," said Hans-Henning Eckstein, M.D., Ph.D., a professor at the Technical University of Munich in Germany and corresponding author of "Imaging of Acute and Chronic Aortic Dissection by 18F-FDG PET/CT." "It is critical to patients' survival that doctors are able to verify acute or exclude chronic aortic dissection so they can decide the best course of treatment—whether that means rushing the patient to surgery in some cases or using beta blockers to lower the blood pressure."
Aortic dissection is the tenth leading cause of death in Western societies. It is the second most frequent cause of acute chest pain. In 2003, actor John Ritter died suddenly of complications from aortic dissection. Ritter's doctors were not able to identify his true condition until just before his death.
In clinically unclear cases, use of an advanced imaging technique—positron emission tomography (PET) with the imaging agent fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and computed tomography (CT)—may help determine the age of an aortic dissection, the degree of risk and the need for surgery. Articles by researchers in Japan, Germany and the United Kingdom reported on the results of two studies that used FDG PET/CT to diagnose aortic dissection.