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Study Links Chromosome Changes to Cancer
With virtually all human cancers having an abnormal number of chromosomes, scientists have "long suspected that gene mutations which promote erroneous chromosome separation during cell division are to blame for tumor development," researchers at the Mayo Clinic said in a statement.
"By using a combination of new and established mouse models for human cancer, we were able to prove that aneuploidy causes cancer and elucidate the mechanism by which it does so," said Mayo Clinic cancer biologist and senior author of the study, Jan van Deursen.
In tests on mice, the researchers found that a cell was less able to suppress tumors if there was incomplete mitosis - the term for the division of a chromosome - that resulting in misalignment or missegregation, when a cell is missing a chromosome.
"The cell loses the ability to suppress tumors, which is part of the immune system," said Mayo Clinic spokeswoman Bob Nellis.
"It's like losing the anti-viral software on your computer," Mayo Clinic spokesman Bob Nellis told AFP.
"The cell is pretty much saying 'Come and get me' to the cancer," he said.
Whether a defective chromosome causes cancer depends on an individual's family or genetic history as well as on the type of cancer, Nellis said.
Among cancers found in the study to be sparked by aneuploidy were cancer of the colon and cancer of the tissue of the lymphatic system.
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