Swedish researchers have found an unknown GPS function that controls the manner in which stem cells produce different types of cells in many areas of the nervous system.
The discovery by Stefan Thor, professor of Developmental Biology, and graduate students Daniel Karlsson and Magnus Baumgardt, at Linkvping University in Sweden, could improve our understanding of how stem cells work, which is crucial for our ability to use stem cells to treat and repair organs.
Stem cells are responsible for the creation of all cells in an organism during development.
Previous research has shown that stem cells give rise to different types of cells in different parts of the nervous system.
This process is partly regulated by the so-called Hox genes, which are active in various parts of the body and work to give each piece its unique regional identity - a kind of GPS system of the body.
But the researchers don't know how does a stem cell know that it is in a certain region and how does it read the body's "GPS" signals.
The scientists also wanted to find out how this information is used to control the creation of specific nerve cells.