A new software devised by scientists could enable a common laboratory device to virtually separate a whole-blood sample into its different cell types and detect medically important gene-activity changes specific to any one of those cell types.
Developed by scientists at the Stanford University School of Medicine, the new technique could successfully pinpoint changes in one cell type that flagged the likelihood of kidney-transplant recipients rejecting their new organs.
Without the software, these gene-activity flags would have gone unnoticed.
According to the authors, the use of the new algorithm may have applications beyond kidney rejection, allowing doctors to better identify the onset of cancers, genetic disorders and a variety of other problems.
The lab device, called a microarray, is a standard research tool, but it was not used to derive such medically useful information from whole-blood samples, until now.
Part of the problem is that the information is obscured by the whole-blood samples' complex, multiple-component composition.
"Drawing blood is one of the most common diagnostic tests in clinical practice. We'd love to be able to use microarrays to find changes in the blood that indicate trouble somewhere in the body. But distinguishing one type of cell from another can be critical to doing that," Nature quoted one of the investigators, Dr. Atul Butte, as saying.