Researchers at The University of Texas School of Public Health Brownsville Regional Campus say that patients with Type 2 diabetes may be at increased risk of contracting tuberculosis because they generally have a compromised immune system, which results in life-threatening lung infections that are more difficult to treat.
The researchers said that three studied conducted by them had shown that type 2 diabetes, especially when it involves chronic high blood sugar, is associated with altered immune response to TB.
The said that their studied also showed that patients with diabetes and TB take longer to respond to anti-TB treatment, and that patients with active tuberculosis and Type 2 diabetes are more likely to have multi-drug resistant TB.
Writing about their findings in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases, the researchers said that the immune systems of patients with Type 2 diabetes and tuberculosis could respond differently compared with patients with TB alone.
"This immune impairment may be what makes patients with diabetes so susceptible to TB," said Dr. Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, professor of epidemiology.
Dr. Blanca I. Restrepo, assistant professor of epidemiology, said that her team found that innate and type 1 cytokine responses were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis who had diabetes than in the control group of patients with TB and no diabetes.
The effect was consistently and significantly more marked in diabetic patients with chronic hyperglycemia, or uncontrolled high blood sugar, said the researcher.