Scientists of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center revealed a handful of tiny ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that halts the spread of breast cancer to the lungs and bone.
MicroRNAs are known to stall the activity of entire sets of genes linked to cancer metastasis, which is a process that is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths.
These "microRNAs" essentially play the role of brakes in the proliferation of cancer. When they are missing, that allows the disease to spread freely, and when they are restored, however, the cancer cells lose some of their ability to metastasize, the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center scientists report.
The work has implications both for predicting which cancers are aggressive and establishing new targets for drug therapy down the line, said studys lead author Sohail Tavazoie, MD, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in the Oncology-Hematology Fellowship program at MSKCC.
For the study, the researchers examined human breast cancer cells with strong metastatic ability and found that the cells had lost large numbers of three different microRNA molecules.
On the other hand, when researchers put those molecules back into human breast cancer tumours in mice, the tumours lost their ability to spread.
Besides, the researchers studied breast cancer patients and found that those with tumours that had lost these molecules were much more likely to suffer from cancer metastasis to the lung and bone.
The identification of molecules that inhibit a cells metastatic potential may help guide clinical decision-making in the future by enabling oncologists to more accurately identify patients at highest risk for metastatic relapse, Nature quoted Tavazoie, as
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