A new thesis says that the longer an employee has a had a ‘poorer’ manager, the higher his or her risk of taking a sick leave and actually falling ill rise within a ten-year period.

The new thesis was done from the Swedish medical university Karolinska Institutet.

The study found that Perceived poor managerial leadership increases not only the amount of sick leave taken at a workplace, but also the risk of sickness, for example suffering a heart attack, amongst employees later on in life.

The thesis is based on data from almost 20,000 employees in Sweden, Finland, Germany, Poland and Italy, working in a range of fields, such as the forest or hotel industries.

Some of the studies also included a representative selection of Sweden's entire working population and industries in the Stockholm region.

The researchers compared levels of self-rated stress, health, sick leave and emotional exhaustion with how subjects perceived their managers' leadership in terms of certain positive and negative criteria, such as inspirational, supportive and good at delegating or authoritarian, dishonest and distant.

They also took into account the effects of managerial leadership in relation to whether employees change jobs, quit due to poor health, or become unemployed.

One of the studies examined the correlation between how employees rate their managers' leadership and the risk of their developing serious cardiovascular disease later in life.

They discovered that male residents of the Stockholm area had a 25 per cent greater risk of suffering myocardial infarction during the ten-year follow-up period if they had expressed displeasure with their managers at the start of the study.