Environmental pollution as a causative factor for cardiac ailments has been a topic of concern and research for long. Pollution has been known to cause stress and affect the heart functioning to a great extent. According to the National Atmospheric Emissions
Inventory of the United Kingdom, historically, it was just smoke in combination
with other pollutants that was known to cause health problems.
However, recent studies have linked
concentrations of particles in the atmosphere with human health effects.
Particles vary widely in size and composition. The PM
10 particles
are particles measuring 10Âμm or less. These are the particles which are likely
to be inhaled by humans, and have become the widely accepted measure of
particulate material in the atmosphere in the UK and in Europe.
In the 1970's, air pollution was mainly
dominated by the domestic coal combustion, but more recently, other sources
such as road transport (all road transport vehicles emit PM
10, but
diesel vehicles emit a greater mass of particulate per vehicle kilometer) and
industrial processes (including bulk handling, construction, mining) account
for a large share.
Only a few studies have observed the
effects of exposure to particulate matter (pollution generated by traffic) on
risk to myocardial infarction or, in simpler words, a heart attack.
(A heart attack occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long time,
eventually leading to death of that part of the heart muscle. In medical
language, such a condition is called myocardial infarction)