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Novel Surgical Technique Improves Artificial Arms' Function
The surgery, called targeted muscle reinnervation (TRM), allows amputees to control multiple parts of an artificial limb at the same time.
Currently available prostheses following upper-limb amputation do not adequately restore the function of an individual's arm and hand.
The most commonly used prostheses are body-powered, which capture remaining shoulder motion with a harness and transfer this movement through a cable to operate the hand, wrist, or elbow. With this control method, only one joint can be operated at a time.
Improving the function of prosthetic arms remains a challenge, because access to the nerve-control information for the arm is lost during amputation.
With the surgical procedure, targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR), remaining arm nerves are transferred to chest or upper-arm muscles that are no longer biomechanically functional due to loss of the limb.
The goal of this procedure is to improve control of prostheses that use electromyogram (EMG) signals (the electrical signals generated during muscle contraction) from residual limb muscles to control motorized arm joints.
Once reinnervated (restore nerve function), these muscles provide physiologically appropriate EMG signals for control of the elbow, wrist, and hand.
To test the effectiveness, Todd Kuiken, MD, PhD, from the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, and colleagues tested five amputees who had had the surgery.
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