New Research Could Help Prevent Diabetic Kidney Failure

by VR Sreeraman on  November 06, 2011 at 12:41 PM Research News
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 New Research Could Help Prevent Diabetic Kidney Failure
Researchers have found that the enzyme arginase-2 plays a vital role in kidney failure and by blocking the action of this enzyme could protect against kidney disease in diabetes.

"We believe these arginase inhibitors may be one of the new targets that can slow down the progression of, or even prevent the development of, end-stage renal disease," said Alaa S. Awad, assistant professor of nephrology, Penn State College of Medicine.

In the United States diabetes is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease -- kidney failure -- causing nearly 45 percent of all cases. Currently the treatment for diabetic patients likely to develop end-stage renal disease includes blood pressure and glucose control therapy and life-style changes.

The researchers tested two different sets of diabetic mice to try to prevent kidney failure. They gave one set of mice -- genetically diabetic -- a potent arginase inhibitor; the other set of mice -- induced to be diabetic -- were genetically unable to produce arginase-2. Both sets of mice showed no signs of kidney failure during the test period.

The body naturally produces varieties of arginase. The liver produces arginase-1, while the kidneys produce arginase-2, which leads to kidney failure. The researchers did not detect arginase-1 in the kidneys of the mice, and they have not yet developed an arginase inhibitor that can differentiate between the two forms of the enzyme.

"These findings indicate that arginase-2 plays a major role in induction of diabetic renal injury and that blocking arginase-2 activity or expression could be a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of diabetic nephropathy," the researchers report in the current issue of Diabetes.One of the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy is albuminuria -- losing protein in the urine.

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