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New Method Highlights Brain's Language Areas: Neuroscientists
The boffins explained their finding in the Journal of Neurophysiology.
Research with patients who developed specific language deficits (such as the inability to comprehend passive sentences) following brain injury suggest that different aspects of language may reside in different parts of the brain. But attempts to find these functionally specific regions of the brain with current neuroimaging technologies have been inconsistent and controversial.
One reason for this inconsistency may be due to the fact that most previous studies relied on group analyses in which brain imaging data were averaged across multiple subjects - a computation that could introduce statistical noise and bias into the analyses.
"Because brains differ in their folding patterns and in how functional areas map onto these folds, activations obtained in functional MRI studies often do not precisely 'line up' across brains," explained Evelina Fedorenko, first author of the study and a postdoctoral associate in Nancy Kanwisher's lab at the McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT.
"Some regions of the brain thought to be involved in language are also geographically close to regions that support other cognitive processes like music, arithmetic, or general working memory. By spatially averaging brain data across subjects you may see an activation 'blob' that looks like it supports both language and, say, arithmetic, even in cases where in every single subject these two processes are supported by non-overlapping nearby bits of cortex."
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