New information about fault behavior has been obtained via recent collaborative studies of stream channel offsets along the San Andreas Fault. The findings could affect how we understand the potential for damaging earthquakes.
The collaboration was led by researchers from Arizona State University (ASU) and UC (University of California) Irvine.
The researchers' findings encompasses their work at the Carrizo Plain, which is located 100 miles north of Los Angeles and site of the original "Big One" - the Fort Tejon quake of 1857.
In one of the studies, Ramon Arrowsmith, an associate professor in the School of Earth and Space Exploration in ASU's College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and Dr. Olaf Zielke employed topographic measurements from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), which provide a view of the earth's surface at a resolution at least 10 times higher than previously available, enabling the scientists to "see" and measure fault movement, or offset.
To study older earthquakes, researchers turn to offset landforms such as stream channels which cross the fault at a high angle.
A once straight stream channel will have a sharp jog right along the fault and indicate that prior offset.