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Negative Mood-Related Drinking Can Lead to Major Depression, Alcohol Dependence
"Although the frequent co-occurrence of AD and MD is widely recognized, the association between the disorders works differently for different people. There are likely multiple mechanisms that result in the disorders co-occurring, for example, having MD increases the risk to develop AD, having AD increases the risk to develop MD; and causal factors - such as genetic risk or social circumstances - also contribute to developing both disorders," said Kelly Young-Wolff, whose master's thesis provided the stimulus for the study.
Victor Hesselbrock, professor of psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, said that the link could also differ by gender.
"Studies of both clinical and community samples have found that primary depression - depression occurs first, followed by alcoholism - is more typical in females while primary alcoholism - alcoholism followed by depression - is more common among males.
Furthermore, while most persons affected with alcoholism do report a lifetime history of significant depressive symptoms, the reverse is not true. Most people with depression do not report long periods of heavy drinking nor do they report significant numbers of lifetime AD symptoms," Hesselbrock said.
Young-Wolff added: "Previous research had shown that individuals with higher than average scores on mood-related drinking scales are at increased risk to develop heavy drinking and AD. There is also evidence for familial risk factors, such as shared social and environmental or genetic factors, that contribute to overlapping risk for MD and AD, and for AD and mood-related drinking motives. Yet no study had examined whether mood-related drinking motives explain the overlapping familial risk for MD and AD."
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