The reason is the sound bounces along the wall of the gallery with very little loss of energy and so can be heard at a great distance.
However, if you speak at normal volume, what you say can no longer be understood. The sound travels around the dome more than once, and the recirculating signal gets mixed up and garbled.
Whispering-gallery microresonatorsIn a miniature version of a whispering gallery, laser light is coupled into a circular "waveguide," such as a glass ring. When the light strikes the boundary of the ring at a grazing angle it is reflected back into the ring.
The light wave can make many trips around the ring before it is absorbed, but only frequencies of light that fit perfectly into the circumference of the ring can do so. If the circumference is a whole number of wavelengths, the light waves superimpose perfectly each trip around.
This perfect match between the frequency and the circumference is called a resonance, or whispering-gallery mode.
Source-Eurekalert
RAS