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Molecule That may Improve Cancer Vaccines Identified
November 23, 2007 at 7:15 PM
Research News
This means that the newly discovered molecule would prevent immune responses from running out of control and causing damage and would also lead to the development of new treatments for cancer, using vaccines; for autoimmune diseases, such as Type 1 diabetes; and for inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma.
During the study, they found that specialized immune lymphocytes called regulatory T cells release a protein complex composed of two proteins called Ebi3 and Il12a. This protein complex acts like a brake on the activity of the aggressive immune cells called effector T lymphocytes.
The newly discovered protein complex is one of a large group of signaling molecules called cytokines that cells use to communicate with each other.
Since the immune system cytokines are called interleukins, the research team named this protein interleukin-35 (IL-35). Most cytokines stimulate immune system cells by driving the immune attack or causing inflammation. However, IL-35 is one of the few signaling molecules known to inhibit immune system activity.
'The discovery of IL-35 is important because the manipulation of regulatory T cells is a key goal of immunotherapy,' Nature quoted Dario Vignali, Ph.D., associate member in the St. Jude Department of Immunology, and the studys senior author, as saying.
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