Heart surgeons at Johns Hopkins say people who need heart transplants can largely avoid transplant failure due to elevated blood pressure in their lungs with the help of proper drug treatment. Of the more than 2,000 heart transplants performed each year in the United States, up to 20 percent of the patients die or reject their organ within a year due to right heart failure brought on by pulmonary hypertension, infection or immune response.
In a study to be presented Nov. 6 at the American Heart Associations (AHA) annual Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Fla., the Hopkins team found that transplant recipients who needed and got commonly used blood-vessel-opening drugs, such as adenosine, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, and nitroprusside, had the same survival rates as those without high pressure (at 88.8 percent and 89.7 percent, respectively.) Those who did not respond to therapy had a somewhat reduced survival rate (of 84.6 percent).
The findings bring new hope, researchers say, to hundreds more whose physicians fear they are not good candidates for transplant because they have severe pulmonary hypertension. Results come from a review of patient records provided by the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), on 10,331 men and women who received a heart transplant between 2000 and 2006. UNOS is a national network that allocates donated organs across the United States, including more than 150 medical centers that perform heart transplants.